Alternative Specifications
for
Green Residential Building

suzanne zuniga AIA

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DIVISION 8 – DOORS AND WINDOWS

08000 INTERIOR DOORS

Wood Doors: For wood doors, specify salvaged doors, or doors made from salvaged wood or FSC certified wood.

OR manufacturer of FSC certified wood doors:

• Architectural Wood Doors, VT Industries, Inc.. Plant in Roseburg, OR. (800) 827.1615 http://www.vtindustries.com
Distributed through the following:
1. Gibson Door Inc. and Grand Openings, Inc. in Portland
2. Bell Hardware in Bend, Eugene, Klamath Falls, Medford, Salem, and Wilsonville.
3. They are also distributed throughout WA- see the website for locations.

FSC certified doors distributed in OR and throughout the NW

• Environmental Class Door (ESC), Marshfield Door Systems, Marshfield WI, (800) 869.3667 http://www.marshfielddoors.com -FSC certified, stave core is encapsulated and no added formaldehyde used in construction.

Salvaged Doors in OR:

• Habitat for Humanity ReStores
• Hippo Hardware, Portland
• The ReBuilding Center, Portland
• Rejuvination, Portland

See section 02200 Deconstruction for additional salvage sources.

Certified wood suppliers in OR and WA (for custom doors):

• Cascadia Forest Goods, Eugene, OR (541) 485.4477
• Collins Companies, Portland, OR (503) 417.7755
• Crosscut Hardwoods, Portland, OR (503) 224.9663
• Edensaw Woods, LTD., Seattle, WA (877) 333.6729, and Port Townsend, WA (800) 745.3336.
• Endura Hardwoods, Portland, OR (503) 233.7090 and Bend, OR (503) 383.5003
• Environmental Building Supply, Portland, OR (503) 222.3881
• Parr Lumber, many locations in OR
• Coming to Home Depot!

For solid wood doors, specify doors made of salvaged/reclaimed wood. For use in doors, salvaged wood does not have to be stamped and small pieces, such as pallets, can be used. Local cabinet makers and woodworkers can often source small quantities. Additional labor may be required to strip, cut, prepare, retool and/or install doors and hardware.

Composite Doors: Specify composite doors made with recycled/reclaimed materials.

Finishes: Specify non-toxic finishes. See 09900 paints and Coatings.

Hardware: Specify hardware with metal (not plastic) working parts for better durability.

Below are partial sample specifications:

08200 WOOD AND PLASTIC DOORS:

Sample Partial specification for certified Flush Wood Veneer Doors:
General Requirements:
1. Comply with WDMA I.S 1-A requirements for Premium Grade and AWI Architectural Woodwork Quality Standards.
2. Forest Certification: Provide doors produced from wood obtained from FSC certified forests.
Manufacturer: VT Industries, Inc. (800) 827.1615 www.vtindustries.com
Products: Solid Style 5502-2.
1. FSC certified stave [or particle] core.
2. Inner styles and rails shall be structural composite lumber (SCL).
3. 5-ply veneer construction applied to core in a hot press. Face veneer species, cut and match to be selected by Architect from manufacturer’s standard options.
Submittals:
1. Complete door schedule.
2. Manufacturer’s FSC certification data.
3. Veneer samples for selection.

Sample partial specification for certified Flush Solid Core High Pressure Decorative Laminate Faced Wood Doors (HPDL):
General Requirements:
1. Comply with WDMA I.S 1-A requirements for Premium Grade and AWI Architectural Woodwork Quality Standards.
2. Forest Certification: Provide doors produced from wood obtained from FSC certified forests.
Manufacturer: VT Industries, Inc. (800) 827.1615 www.vtindustries.com
Products: PermaClad® 303-3
1. FSC certified stave [or particle] core.
2. Top and bottom rails to be sealed with Safecoat Safe Seal, AFM.- NOT factory sealed.
3. Laminate selection shall be one of the standard products of Wilsonart, Formica, Nevamar, Pionite, or approved equal. Laminates to be applied to core in a hot press, 3-ply construction.
4. Styles and rails to be structural composite lumber (SCL).
Submittals:
1. Complete door schedule.
2. Manufacturer’s FSC certification data.
3. Laminate samples for selection.

DIVISION 8 – DOORS AND WINDOWS

08000 EXTERIOR DOORS

Thermal Properties: Specify exterior doors with good thermal properties. Specify the U-Value, better (lower) than code (.40) if possible. Metal and fiberglass doors with foam insulated cores often provide better insulation than wood doors. Some wood fiber composite doors have insulating cores. Specify HFC and HCFC-free EPS foam instead of polyurethane, which is made with HCFC’s. If the door has a lite(s), specify Low-e , argon-filled insulating glass.

EPS foam insulated doors: There is one manufacturer, and they are in Klamath Falls (Plant is in Chiloquin). Distributed throughout the NW. See website for local dealer.

• Jeld-Wen, Inc., Klamath Falls, OR. Plant is in Chiloquin. (800) 535.3936 www.jeld-wen.com-
1. Contours Steel Entry Doors, Low-e, argon-filled insulated glass, EPS foam insulation; Solid door U-Value: .17 (flush)
2. Alterna by Doorcraft entry doors- Low-e, argon filled insulating glass is an option; EPS foam insulation; Solid door U-Value: .236

Below are some other familiar manufacturers for comparison:

• Pella
1. Premium Steel Entry Doors- Low-e, argon-filled insulating glass, polyurethane foam core; Full Lite door- U-Value: .28
• Marvin Windows and Doors
1. Wood Inswing and Ultimate Inswing French Door- Low-e, argon-filled insulating glass, finger-jointed and laminated veneer lumber core; Full Lite door U-Value: .33
Clad Inswing and Ultimate Inswing French Door- Low-e, argon-filled insulating glass; finger-jointed and laminated veneer lumber core; Full Lite door U-Value: .34
• Therma-Tru
Premium Steel Doors- Low-e glass, polyurethane core; Full Lite U-Value: .32
Premium Steel Doors- Low-e glass, polyurethane core; Solid door U-Value: .16
Smooth-Star Fiberglass Doors- Low-e glass, polyurethane core; Full Lite door U-Value: .32
Smooth-Star Fiberglass Doors- Low-e glass, polyurethane core; Solid door U-Value: .15

Certified and Salvaged Wood: For wood doors, specify FSC-certified or salvaged wood. Wood composites use small pieces of wood, but can use formaldehyde based resins as a binder or adhesive. See 06180 Glue Laminated Construction. For use in doors, salvaged wood does not have to be stamped and small pieces, such as pallets, can be used. Local cabinet makers and woodworkers can often source small quantities.

Certified wood suppliers in OR and WA (for custom doors):

• Cascadia Forest Goods, Eugene, OR (541) 485.4477
• Collins Companies, Portland, OR (503) 417.7755
• Crosscut Hardwoods, Portland, OR (503) 224.9663
• Edensaw Woods, LTD., Seattle, WA (877) 333.6729, and Port Townsend, WA (800) 745.3336.
• Endura Hardwoods, Portland, OR (503) 233.7090 and Bend, OR (503) 383.5003
• Environmental Building Supply, Portland, OR (503) 222.3881
• Parr Lumber, many locations in OR
• Coming to Home Depot!

Salvaged Doors: Another option is to specify salvaged doors. Note that thermal values for salvaged doors and doors made from salvaged wood cannot be measured, but can be estimated based on similar products. Additional labor may be required to strip, cut, prepare or install doors, as well as hardware.

Salvaged Doors in OR:

• Habitat for Humanity ReStores
• Hippo Hardware, Portland
• The ReBuilding Center, Portland
• Rejuvenation, Portland

See Section 02200 DECONSTRUCTION for additional salvage resources.

Finish: Where possible, specify factory finishing. Where field finishing is required, specify a high solids, Low-VOC durable coating, such as a high-performance water based acrylic paint. Avoid alkyd enamel paint.

Below are partial sample specifications:

08110 STEEL DOORS AND FRAMES:
Manufacturer: Jeld-Wen, Inc. (800) 535.3936 www.jeld-wen.com.
Products: Steel Entry Door: Level 2 and Physical Performance Level B (Heavy Duty), galvanized steel sheet faces. 1 3/4” thick. EPS Insulated core. Low-e coated, argon-filled, insulating glass.
Submittals: Door unit U-Factor performance. Shop Drawings.

DIVISION 8 – DOORS AND WINDOWS

08360 OVERHEAD DOORS

Insulation: If the space is unconditioned and used for vehicles, insulated doors and weatherstripping are not as important. If the space is conditioned, specify insulated doors and weatherstripping.

Recycled Content: Specify doors made of recycled content.

Manufactured Wood: Specify doors with recycled content:

• Cladpanel, Linmar Industries, LC, Corvallis, OR (800) 547.6633 – over 81% recovered/recycled contentin the particleboard core w/ phenol-formaldehyde and paper overlays.

Steel: Galvanized steel panels will have a high recycled content. If they are insulated with foam, specify expanded polystyrene (EPS), since it is blown without HCFCs.

Below is a partial sample specification for a wood composite overhead sectional door with recycled content:

08360 OVERHEAD DOORS:
Manufacturer: Linmar Industries, LC (800) 547.6633
Products: Cladpanel sectional overhead door. Particleboard core with paper overlays. Minimum 80% recycled content. Reinforce sections with contiuous galvanized steel members as required for wind loading.

DIVISION 8 – DOORS AND WINDOWS

08500 WINDOWS

Thermal Properties: Specify windows with good thermal resistance. EPA ENERGY STAR standards for residential construction in northern states specify a U- Value of ≤ .35 and ≤ 45 for skylights. The Solar Heat Gain Coefficient should also be specified. A higher SHGC (≤.60) is suitable for south or east facing windows, to allow some heat gain in the winter, and a lower SHGC (≤.40) for west windows and skylights to minimize overheating in the summer. Specify clear glass- tinted glazing is not generally recommended for residential windows in our region. Wood has a high R-value. Metal conducts heat; metal frames should have a thermal break. Specify Low-e, argon- or krypton-filled insulating glass.

Below are some familiar and well performing manufacturers for comparison. U-Values are given for total units with clear glass.

• Jeld-Wen Windows and Doors- 4 lines of wood and wood clad, with various glazing options.
Pozzi®- insulated with low-e U-Values: .38-.40
Norco®- insulated with low-e and argon U-Values: .25-.40
Caradco®- insulated with low-e and argon U-Values: .29-.38
Summit®- insulated with low-e and argon U-Values: .31-.32
• Loewen Windows –west coast Douglas fir, some recycled content
Heat-Smart Plus 1- double pane, low-e, argon
Heat-Smart Plus 2- triple pane, low-e, 1 argon filled
Heat-Smart Plus 3- triple pane, low-e, 2 argon filled
• Marvin Windows and Doors- wood and wood with aluminum cladding
Double pane glass with Low-e coating and argon: U-Values: .30-.46.
Triple pane glass with Low-e coating and krypton: U-values: .17-.20.
• Milgard Manufacturing, Inc.- manufacturing plants in Portland and Tacoma WA- Douglas fir with fiberglass cladding; also Thermal Break Aluminum- see below.
1. Double pane, low-e, argon filled U-Values: .31-.35
• Pella Corporation- SmartSash® pine with recycled aluminum cladding; Insulshield® Insulating glass has Low-e coatings and argon.
Smart Sash II: U-Values: .39-.40
Smart Sash III®: U Value: .23-.39
• Weather Shield Manufacturing, Inc.- wood with aluminum cladding- many glazing options
1. Low-e with argon- U-Values: .33-.41; w/storm option, as low as .25

Wood windows provide good thermal resistance. Specify simulated divided lites, if any, since true divided lites lower thermal performance even more than simulated divided lites. Specify a local manufacturer:

• Milgard Manufacturing. Main office in Tacoma, WA (800) 562.8444 http://www.milgard.com. Local plants in Wilsonville, OR and Tacoma, WA.

Certified Wood: Specify wood windows made from FSC certified wood. There are two Canadian manufacturers that use FSC certified wood:

• Loewen Windows, Canada, (800) 563.9367 http://www.loewen.com - Some FSC certified wood used.
Available at:
Glacier Window & Door Inc., Portland OR (503) 408.8838
Glacier Window & Door, Sweet Hone OR (800)853.6257
Kell-Chuck Glass Co., Olympia WA (360)491.5244
Windows Doors & More, Inc., Seattle WA (206) 782.1011
Windows Doors & More, Inc. Redmond, WA (425) 882.1087
Hepworth Company Inc., Woodinville WA (425) 483.2400
• Paramount Windows, Inc., Canada, (800) 519 0508 http://www.paramountwindows.com- FSC certified wood by special order;
wood and aluminum clad.

Another more expensive option is to have custom windows made from local FSC certified wood.

Certified wood suppliers in OR and WA (for custom windows):

• Cascadia Forest Goods, Eugene, OR (541) 485.4477
• Collins Companies, Portland, OR (503) 417.7755
• Crosscut Hardwoods, Portland, OR (503) 224.9663
• Edensaw Woods, LTD., Seattle, WA (877) 333.6729, and Port Townsend, WA (800) 745.3336.
• Endura Hardwoods, Portland, OR (503) 233.7090 and Bend, OR (503) 383.5003
• Environmental Building Supply, Portland, OR (503) 222.3881
• Parr Lumber, many locations in OR
• Coming to Home Depot!

Clad Windows: Aluminum and fiberglass cladding reduce maintenance and improve durability. Specify simulated divided lites, if any, since true divided lites lower thermal performance even more than simulated divided lites.


Fiberglass: Fiberglass windows are durable and more stable (don’t expand and contract) than wood or vinyl. Specify insulated frames to meet the U-value. Specify fiberglass windows in wet areas such as showers. Milgard and Marvin (Integrity Line) both make high performing fiberglass windows.

Metal: Aluminum and steel frames are likely to have a high recycled content. Specify the maximum available and a thermal break in the frame. Milgard’s Aluminum Thermally-Improved windows have a thermal break.

Vinyl: Vinyl windows are not recommended due to the environmental impacts of PVC production. Literally hundreds of substances known or suspected of causing cancer or disrupting our immune and reproductive systems are produced during the manufacture of vinyl. The two main groups of hormone-disrupting chemicals are dioxins, which are known carcinogens, and phthalates, “possible carcinogens”, but there are many other others.

Below are partial sample specifications.

08550 WOOD WINDOWS:

General Requirements:
1. Comply with AAMA/NWWDA 101/1.S.2
Manufacturers: Loewen Windows, Canada, (800)563.9367 http://www.loewen.com
Products: Heat Smart Plus line.
Glazing: Clear [Double pane] [Triple pane], Low-e coated, [Argon] [Krypton]-filled insulating glass.
Energy Performance Requirements: Provide units with a total unit U-Value of ≤ [.35] [.30] [.25] [20].
Wood Components: FSC certified content, maximum provided by manufacturer. Standard certified species as provided by manufacturer.
Submittals:
1. Window unit U-Value performance data.
2. Shop Drawings.
3

08520 ALUMINUM WINDOWS

General Requirements:
1. Comply with AAMA/NWWDA 101/1.S.2
Manufacturers: Milgard Manufacturing, Inc.
Products: Aluminum Thermally-Improved Aluminum windows
Glazing: Clear [Double pane] [Triple pane], Low-e coated, [Argon] [Krypton]-filled insulating glass.
Thermal Break: Provide units with a concealed thermal break and with a condensation-resistance factor of [45] [52] per AAMA 1503.
Energy Performance Requirements: Provide units with a total unit U-Value of ≤ [.35] [.30] [.25] [20].
Submittals:
1. Window unit U-Value performance data.
2. Shop Drawings.

DIVISION 8 – DOORS AND WINDOWS

08620 TUBULAR SKYLIGHTS

Tubular skylights are a great way to bring natural light into a space through an attic, without the additional summer heat gain associated with traditional skylights. They are sold in complete kits and are easy to install in both new construction and existing structures. They are readily available and inexpensive, about $200-$350. Unless there are specific requirements, specify the closest manufacturer (California or Washington).

Unit skylights that are readily available in our region:

• CrystaLite, Inc. Everett, WA (800) 666.6065 http://www.crystaliteinc.com, Spokane WA (800) 382.5403, Salem OR (800) 664.1257.
1. CrystaLite Tubular Skylight, 10”, 13” and 18”
• Solatube International, Inc., Vista, CA (800) 966.7652 http://www.solatube.com. See website for dealer nearest you.
Brighten Up® series, 10” and 14” diameters
Solamaster® series, 21” diameter
Optional light kits and ‘Daylight Dimmer” for both
Optional ventilation fan for Brighten Up®
• The Sun Pipe Co., Inc, Elgin IL (800) 844.4786 http://www.sunpipe.com
9”, 13” and 21” diameters- call for local contractor or order direct
• ODL, Inc. Zeeland, MI (800) 253.3900 http://www.odl.com
1. 10” and 14” for different roof types and pitches
• Velux, Greenwood SC (800) 888.3589 http://www.veluxusa.com
14” and 22” for different roof types
Optional light kit
• Skydome Skylight Systems, Australia, Distributed in the US by Sacramento Shingle Company Inc. 9916) 339.0152 http://www.sunbeamer.com
1. SunBeamer® Tubular Skylight with Variable Pitch Adapter

Unit skylights are also available direct order on the web. Specify the closest manufacturer.

Below is a partial sample specification. See manufacturers’ specifications and recommendations.

08620 TUBULAR SKYLIGHTS

General Requirements:
1. Comply with AAMA/NWWDA 101/1.S.2.
Manufacturers: CrystaLite, Inc., Salem, OR (800) 664.1257 http://www.crystaliteinc.com
Products: CrysaLite Tubular Skylight
Size: [10”] [13”] [18”]
Type: Self flashing with integral curb
Glazing: Low-e coating and double and argon.
Thermal Break: Unit skylight(s) to be fabricated with thermal barrier separating the interior metal framing from materials exposed to outside temperatures.
Installation:
1. Comply NRCA's "Roofing and Waterproofing Manual."
2. Coordinate with installation of vapor barriers, roof insulation, roofing, and flashing as required to ensure combined elements are waterproof and weathertight.
3. Isolate metal surfaces in contact with incompatible metal or corrosive substrates, including wood, with bituminous coating on concealed metal surfaces.
Submittals:
1. Product Data.
2. Shop Drawings.
3. Finish Samples.

DIVISION 9 – FINISHES

09250 GYPSUM BOARD

Paper Backing: The paper backing is typically 100% recycled and unbleached. No adhesives are used to bond the paper to the gypsum core.

Recycled Content: Recycled gypsum may be from manufacturing scrap and some post-consumer clean construction waste. Synthetic gypsum (also called flue-gas or recycled) is from post-industrial waste: a by-product from stack scrubbers in coal-fired power plants. Specify the highest recycled or synthetic gypsum content available- 100% is possible. The recycled content varies by manufacturer, and also by the specific plant from the same manufacturer, so it is best to get documentation. Below are products that have recycled and/or synthetic gypsum content:

• G-P Gypsum Board by G-P Gypsum Corporation: The plant in Tacoma WA uses synthetic gypsum. The plants in California and Nevada use varying amounts of recycled gypboard.
• Sheetrock Brand Gypsum Panels by USG Corporation: USG uses synthetic gypsum in all of its standard Sheetrock products. They use more than any other manufacturer nationwide, but it varies by plant (half their plants use 90% plus, the other half blend it with mined gypsum). They also use 100% post-consumer recycled paper on all USG wallboard.
• Fiberock Abuse-Resistant Gypsum Fiber Panels by USG Corporation: Fiberock panels are made from synthetic gypsum, perlite, and recycled newsprint paper, with a total recycled content of 95%. They have no paper backing, and they are stronger, stiffer, denser, and hold nails and screws better than standard gypboard.
• Temple- Inland Gypsum by Temple-Inland Forest Products: Temple-Inland uses synthetic gypsum in over 60% of its wallboard, and the Tennessee and Arkansas plants use 95-99% SCS-certified recycled content. When specifying, keep in mind that the environmental costs of shipping may outweigh a greater recycled content.
• Gold Bond Gypsum Wallboard by National Gypsum Company: National Gypsum Company uses synthetic gypsum for it’s Gold Bond wallboard in some of its plants.

Size:
Specify 54” wide sheets for 9’ ceilings: G-P Gypsum Board, Temple-Inland Gypsum, or Sheetrock Brand Gypsum panels.

Specify 5/8” thick at walls that are wood frame using efficient framing (studs at 24” centers).

Joint Compound: Specify No/Low VOC joint compound: Murco Wall products makes a hypo-allergenic powdered (dry mix) all-purpose joint and texture compound that is No-VOC and does not contain any preservatives, asbestos or slow-releasing compounds. It is mixed with tap water. It is available at Environmental Building Supplies in Portland, OR, and listed at $17.50 for a 25 lb. bag. If you specify a typical ready-mix compound, specify low VOC.

Texture: Sand is a preferable aggregate to polystyrene but a non-aggregated texture is best. Per the Material Safety Data Sheets, texture finishes have no VOC’s and are mostly lime and clay. Texture paints do have VOC’s and other compounds that can be toxic.

Drywall Stops: Drywall stops save framing material (eliminate extra framing at corners), reduce cracking (by allowing movement in floating walls), and leave space for insulation at corners. The Nailer is made from 100% recycled (post consumer and post- industrial) high density polyethylene (HDPE). It can be used for wood or steel framing. The only NW distributors are in California, but it can be ordered by phone or online and drop-shipped by UPS. It is economical and easy to use- Habitat for Humanity is one of their biggest clients.

Below is a partial sample specification.

Materials:
Gypsum board panels: Size: [4 x 8 sheets] or [54’ Wide]. Paper: [100% post-consumer] recycled content. Gypsum: maximum recycled content available or minimum 95% synthetic gypsum, or a combination of both. Water resistant at wet areas. Type X Gypsum Board where required for 1-hour separations. G-P Gypsum Board by G-P Gypsum Corporation, Sheetrock Brand Gypsum Panels by USG Corporation, Temple-inland Gypsum by Temple Inland Forest Products or Gold Bond Gypsum Wallboard by National Gypsum Company.
1. Regular Gypsum Board: 1/2” or 5/8” ASTM C36
2. Water-Resistant Gypsum Board: ASTM C630
3. Fire Rated Board: 5/8” ASTM C36, Type X
Joint compound: Murco M100 Joint Compound, available at Environmental Building Supplies, Portland, OR (503) 222 3881.
Fasteners: Drywall screws.
Drywall supports: galvanized steel or HDPE with high recycled content, as available. The Nailer (800)280-2304 http://www.thenailer.com, or Simpson Drywall Stop by Simpson Strong-Tie Connectors.
Joint Tape: Recycled content paper.
Handling: Protect from moisture and contaminants. Do not store near materials that may off gas harmful volatile organic compounds, such as solvents, etc.
Installation: Select and layout panels to minimize waste. Maximum deviation: from true plane: 1/8" per 10'. ASTM C840 and GA-216. Metal square trim at all corners. Protect workers, occupants and HVAC systems from gypsum dust.
Texture: Non- aggregated texture finish: [light orange peel] or [spatter] or [stipple] or [swirl]. Do not use a texture paint. See Section 09900 for paint.
Submittals: Submit documentation of actual [recycled] [synthetic] [recycled/synthetic] content from manufacturer.
Waste Management: separate clean waste from other materials. [Return to manufacturer] or [Pulverize and use as soil amendment on site. Coordinate with Architect/landscape Architect] or [Place in designated area for recycling].

DIVISION 9 – FINISHES

09300 TILE

Ceramic Tile: Specify ceramic tile with recycled content. They tend to be expensive, but more and more are becoming available.

Glass Tiles: Specify recycled glass tiles.

Regional manufacturers of recycled glass tiles:

• Aurora Glass- recycled glass trim and accents; Eugene, OR (888) 291.9311 http://www.auroraglass.org
• Blazestone Tile, Bedrock Industries, Seattle, WA (877) 283.7625 http://www.bedrockindustries.com
• Oceanside Glass Tiles, Oceanside Glasstile Co., Carlsbad, CA (760) 929.4000 http://www.glasstile.com
• Recycled-Glass Tile, Sandhill Industries, Boise, ID (208) 345.6508 http://www.sandhillind.com

Retailers of Recycled Glass Tile :

• Ambiente European Tile Design, Seattle, WA (206) 524.2113
• Design Wise Studio, Ashland, OR (541) 482.7854
• Environmental Building Supplies, Portland, OR (502) 222.3756
• Environmental Building Supplies, Bend, OR (541) 317.0202
• Environmental Home Center, Seattle, WA (206) 682.7332
• InterDécor, Inc. Spokane, WA (509)455.8080
• Norberry Tile, Seattle, WA (206) 343.9916
• Pratt & Larsen, Portland, OR (503) 231.9464
• Pratt & Larsen, Bellevue, WA, (425) 643.1380
• Western Tile and Marble, Bellevue, WA (425)643.1380

Mortars and Adhesives: Specify Low/No VOC mortars and Low VOC Adhesives.

Low VOC Adhesives:

• Safecoat 3 in 1 Adhesive- American Formulating Manufactureing (AFM), http://www.afmsafecoat.com; available at Environmental Building Supplies and the Environmental Home Center- see above for contact information.

Grouts: Specify grouts free of petroleum and plastic.

Below is a partial sample specification for ceramic tile:

09310 CERAMIC TILE
General Conditions: Comply with standard grade requirements in ANSI “Specifications For Ceramic Tile”, ‘Specifications for Installation of Ceramic Tile”, and TCA’s “Handbook for Ceramic Tile Installation”.
Materials:
1. Ceramic Tile: Blazestone Tile 4 x 4 100% recycled glass tile; Classic Series; Matte finish; Color Spruce. Available at Pratt & Larsen, Portland (503) 231-9464.
2. Grout: Cement-based, petroleum- and plastic-free grout.
3. Cement Mortar: Latex-Portland Cement Mortar Low-VOC: ANSI A118.3 and A108.5.
4. Adhesive: Epoxy Adhesive or Organic Adhesive, Water based, Low VOC: 44 grams/liter max. ANSI A136.1 and A108.4. Safecoat 3-in-1 Adhesive, available at Environmental Building Supplies, Portland (503) 222.3756 and the Environmental Home Center, Seattle (206)281.9785
Submittals: Product data and samples.

DIVISION 9 – FINISHES

09640 WOOD FLOORING

Certified and Salvaged Wood: Specify certified sustainably harvested wood or salvaged wood. Both are available prefinished or unfinished. Salvaged wood with old paint is less expensive to buy, but will require more sanding. Old paint should be tested for lead, and proper precautions taken accordingly. Many woods, especially soft wood, like fir, darken with wear; salvaged painted wood may have unpredictable wear patterns underneath the paint.

For more information on certified wood see: http://www.smartwood.org

Check for availability at the following locations:

• Cascadia Forest Goods, LLC Eugene, OR (541) 485.4477 http://www.cascadiaforestgoods.com
• Ecoforestry Management Associates, Port Orford, OR (541) 332.7923
• Endura Wood Products, Portland, OR (503) 233.7090 and Bend (503) 383. 5003 http://www.endurawood.com
• Environmental Building Supplies, Portland, OR (503) 222.3881
• Kaster’s Kustom Cutting, Inc. Mulino, OR (503) 829.4167
• KellyGoodwin Co., Portland, OR (503) 222.1604
• McGee Salvage, Portland, OR (503) 720.7308, (503)740.9336
• Perpetua Wood Floors, Portland, OR (503) 849.2580
• EcoTimber®, Berkely, CA (510) 549.3000 http://www.ecotimber.com
• Edensaw Woods, Ltd. Seattle, WA (206) 587.0970
• G.R. Plume Company, Ferndale, WA (360) 384.2800 http://www.grplume.com
• Lumbermen’s Building Centers, Olympia, WA (360) 350.3105
• Windfall Lumber and Milling, Olympia, WA (360) 791.5524 http://www.WindfallLumber.com
• Tresltlewood, Provo, UTAH, (801) 375.2779

Finishes: Specify prefinished or a no/low VOC finish.

Low/no VOC finishes:
Light-med traffic/residential use:

• OS Hardwax Oil and Wax finish available at Environmental Building Supplies, Portland, OR (503) 222.3881
• Aglaia Hard Resin Oil available at Environmental Building Supplies, Portland, OR (503) 222.3881
Med-high traffic residential and commercial use:
• Safecoat Polyureseal by AFM available at Environmental Building Supplies Portland, OR (503) 222.3881
• Bona Traffic, Strong, and Mega water-based polyurethane finishes by BonaKemi USA, Inc. (800) 574.4674 http://www.bonakemi.com. Distributed throughout Oregon and Washington- see website.

Below is a sample partial specification for a very reasonably priced sustainably harvested 3rd grade maple floor.

Materials: Muskoka® Prefinished 3rd grade maple flooring by Timbec. Random lengths x 2 1/4” x 5/8”. Available at Kelly Goodwin Co.
Installation: Per manufacturer’s written instructions.

BAMBOO FLOORING:

Bamboo is actually a grass and is very renewable; shoots are ready for harvest in 4-6 years. Bamboo has a low moisture absorption making it good for humid climates and applications where moisture might pose a challenge for other types of flooring. Some bamboo flooring is harvested and made in China, and although it is not a threat to pandas (they live in a higher elevation habitat and eat a different type of bamboo), the travel distance should be considered. It is available finished or unfinished. It is available in the natural blonde color or in other shades of amber. Natural bamboo flooring is notable for the knuckles formed by the joints in the stalk. Vertical-grain bamboo has a clean linear look as an alternative to the knuckles. Some bamboo flooring is made with urea formaldehyde adhesives that off gas VOC’s, although flooring typically has less resin than particleboard products. The prefinished flooring emits much lower VOC’s. Specify mechanical fasteners (nails or staples) on plywood or No/Low VOC adhesives on concrete.

Check for availability at the following locations:

• Bamboo Hardwoods, Portland, OR 9503) 227.7521, and Seattle WA (800) 783.0557 or (206) 529. 0978. http://www.bamboohardwoods.com
• Kelly Goodwin Co., Portland, OR (503) 222.1604
• Eco River, Mercer Island, WA (206) 818.8843
• Environmental Building Supplies, Portland, OR (503) 222.3881
• Endura Wood Products, Portland, OR (503) 233.7090 and Bend (503) 383. 5003
• Edensaw Woods, Ltd. Port Townsend, WA (360) 385.7878
• EcoTimber, San Rafael, CA (888) 801.0855. http://www.ecotimber.com; “Virtually formaldehyde free”.
• Smith & Fong, South San Francisco, CA (866) 835.9859
• Teragren LLC, Brainbridge Island, WA (800) 929.6333
• Wellmade, Wilsonville, OR (503) 784.1050

Finishes: Specify prefinished or a no/low VOC finish.

Low/no VOC finishes:

• OS Hardwax Oil and Wax finish available at Environmental Building Supplies, Portland, OR, (503) 222.3881
• Aglaia Hard Resin Oil available at Environmental Building Supplies, Portland, OR, (503) 222.3881
• Safecoat Polyureseal by AFM available at Environmental Building Supplies, Portland, OR (503) 222.388

Below is a partial sample specification.

Materials: Prefinished natural grain bamboo flooring by Teragren (formerly Timbergrass)
Color: Natural
Available at: Environmental Building Supplies, Portland, (503) 222.3881
Installation: Installed by the nail or staple down method per manufacturer’s instructions.

DIVISION 9 – FINISHES

09650 RESILIENT FLOORING

Linoleum: Linoleum flooring is made from minimally processed, readily available ingredients that do not contain petroleum or PVC based chemicals. The oxidation of linoleic acid helps to control microbial growth, and although the oxidation does emit small amounts of VOC’s, they are minimal and thought to be less harmful than petroleum based VOC’s.

Specify remnants for small spaces or patterns.

Specify the use of a 100 lb roller and heat welded seams. Make sure the installer has experience with linoleum as the installation is different than vinyl.

Adhesives: Forbo makes a no VOC, water based, solvent free adhesive for linoleum sheet , L-910. Specify Forbo linoleum T940 for Forbo linoleum tile. Armstrong makes an adhesive for both linoleum sheet and tile that is low/no VOC, low odor and low /no organic solvents, S-760.

Underlayment: APA Underlayment Grade Plywood, minimum 1/4” thickness, with fully sanded face is preferred. May be installed over concrete. Particle board, Chip board, and Lauan are NOT recommended. See manufacturer’s instructions for more information.

Vinyl: The use of vinyl flooring is not recommended due to VOC emissions and pollution during manufacture. Babies and small children are especially at risk, since they are often on the floor and their small lungs are still developing. However, if it is used, VOC’s may be reduced by having the product unrolled to air out prior to installation. VOC’s tend to off-gas in a steep curve that drops sharply. A week or two will make a big difference. If the product is already installed, the space can be left uninhabited and well ventilated to achieve the same thing, although it will take longer.

Below is a partial sample specification. See manufacturers’ specifications and instructions.

09655 LINOLEUM FLOORING

Materials: Linoleum resilient sheet or tile floor covering as manufactured by Forbo or Armstrong. Linoleum Adhesive as recommended by manufacturer.
Construction: Linoleum homogeneous floor covering shall be of all natural materials consisting of linseed oil, cork, wood flour, resin binders, dry pigments, mixed and calandered onto natural jute backing. Pattern and color shall extend throughout total thickness of material.
Physical Characteristics: width: 79”, length:105 linear feet , 1/10” (2.5 mm) or 1/8” (3.2mm). backing: Jute
Underlayment: 3/8" APA Underlayment Grade Plywood underlayment.
Installation: Install per manufacturer’s installation instructions. Lay material into wet adhesive within 10-15 minutes. Trowel- 1/16” square notch. Spread rate- approximately 150 sf/gal. Roll with a 100 lb roller. Heat weld seams.

DIVISION 9 – FINISHES

09680 CARPET

Natural Fibers: Natural fiber carpets, such as wool, cotton, sisal, jute, and hemp do not emit VOC’s, are from renewable sources, are not petroleum based, and can be naturally water resistant and antimicrobial. They tend to be expensive, but long lasting. Remnants are often available at a more affordable price.

Recycled Fibers: Recycled fiber carpets made from recycled soft drink containers (#1 PET) or recycled nylon are also locally available.

Installation: Avoid the use of glues by specifying mechanical fastening: Tackless carpet stripping (water-resistant plywood strips, 3/8” or 9/32” thick, with angular pins protruding from the top for gripping and holding stretched carpet) or hook and loop. If adhesive is used, specify a dry adhesive (peel and stick). For wet adhesives, specify a maximum VOC level of 50 grams/liter.

Below is a partial sample specification for a very reasonably priced 100% recycled nylon carpet, available at Environmental Building Supplies in Portland, OR (503) 222-3881.

Materials: Acceptable manufacturer: Shaw Industries "Peto" Series recycled nylon low pile commercial loop. Colors to be selected by Architect. 100% recycled synthetic felt fiber pad. Carpet and pad available at Environmental Building Supplies (503) 222-3881.
Installation: Carpet to be stretched in over pad using tackless carpet stripping. Run pile in same direction throughout project. Remove threads and vacuum upon completion of installation.

DIVISION 9 – FINISHES

09900 PAINTINGS AND COATINGS

VOC’s: Specify Very Low/No VOC paint, stain and sealer.

Recycled Paint: Specify recycled primer and paint for exterior use only because the VOC’s are unpredictable, and typically high for at least a few more years until no/low VOC paints are the norm. The available colors are limited.

VOC Sealers: Specify sealers with a vapor permeability of 1 perm or less to seal VOC’s from glue-laminated products such as particle board, plywood, and MDF, and strandboard.

Interior Low/No Voc primer for gypsum board:

• AFM Safecoat New Wall Board Primecoat HPV, AFM

Interior Low/No VOC primer suitable for masonry, plaster, drywall, and wood:

• Pristine Ecospec 231 Interior Masonry, Plaster, Drywall, Wood Latex Primer Sealer, Benjamin Moore & Co. Headquarters in NJ. Manufacturing plants throughout the US.

Interior Low/No Voc Paints for gypsum board and other materials (verify specific product suitability for different materials):

• Best Paint, Best Paint Co., Seattle, WA.
• Harmony Low-Odor Interior Latex Coatings, Sherwin Williams, Headquarters in Ohio.
• Kelly-Moore Enviro-Cote, Kelly-Moore Paint Company. Headquarters in CA. Closest manufacturing plants in: Seattle, Washington and San Carlos, California.
• Miller Acro and Super (Low odor, water based, solvent free), Miller Paint Co.. Headquarters and manufacturing plant in Oregon.
• Pristine Ecospec Interior Latex, Benjamin Moore & Co.. Headquarters in NJ. Manufacturing plants throughout the US.
• Pure Performance Interior Latex, PPG Architectural Finishes. Headquarters in MI. Closest manufacturing plants in California.
• Rodda Horizon Zero VOC Interior Paint, Rodda Paint Co. Headquarters and manufacturing plants in the northwest.
• Safecoat Zero VOC by American Formulating Manufacturers (AFM)
• Wonder-Pure No-VOC/Odor, Devoe Paint. Headquarters in Ohio.

Interior Low/No VOC Paints for wood trim:

• Safecoat Cabinet & Trim Enamel, AFM
• BioShield Enamel Paint, Eco-Design Co.

Exterior Low/No Voc Paint for masonry:

• Best Universal Primer and Duracryl Exterior Paint, Best Paint, Inc.
• Safecoat Cembond Masonry Paint, AFM

Exterior Low/No VOC Paint for wood/composite siding, doors, and trim (Verify specific product suitability for different materials):

• Best Duracryl Exterior Paint, Best Paint Co., Seattle, WA.
• Glidden No-VOC Lifemaster 2000, IC Dulux Paints. Manufacturing plants throughout the US.
• Rodda Horizon Line, Rodda Paints. The only Green Seal certified exterior paint. Headquarters and manufacturing plants in the northwest.
• Safecoat Exterior Paint, AFM

Low/No VOC Paint for Metal:

• Best Duracryl Exterior Paint, Best Paint, Co. Seattle, WA.

Recycle Paint (Interior or exterior, but interior not recommended due to VOC’s):

• Metro Recycled Paint, Portland, OR.

Interior Clear Sealers for wood and cork (verify specific product suitability for different materials) :

• Hard Seal, AFM
• OS Hardwax Oil, Environmental Home Center
• Original Wood Finish and Varnish Oil, Tried & True Wood Finishes
• Penofin, Performance Coatings
• Polymerized Tung Oil, Sutherland Welles Low-Toxic Wood Finishes

Exterior Low/No VOC Stains and Finishes;

• Safecoat DuroStain, AFM
• Timber-Tek UV Wood Finishes, Timber-Tek
• Weather-Bos Paints and Finishes (Low odor), Weather -Bos

Below are partial sample specifications:

09900 PAINTINGS AND COATINGS:
General Conditions: Provide materials that are compatible with one another and with substrates.
Materials: All paints, coatings and finishes to be No/Low VOC and No/Low odor. Products listed are available at local paint outlets, Home Depots, Wood Crafters Lumber Supply, Inc. (Portland), Environmental Building Supplies (Portland), Environmental Home Center (Seattle) and other retailers. See manufacturer’s websites for additional information.

INTERIOR
Gypsum Board Primer: AFM Safecoat New Wall Board Primecoat HPV by AFM; or Pristine® Ecospec® 231 Interior Masonry, Plaster, Drywall, Wood Latex Primer Sealer by Benjamin Moore & Co..
Gyspum Board Paint: Two (2) coats minimum. Semi-gloss or eggshell finish. Safecoat Zero VOC by AFM; Pristine® Ecospec® Interior Latex Eggshell Enamel 223 by Benjamin Moore & Co.; Best Paint by Best Paint Inc.; Rodda Horizon Zero-VOC Interior Paint by Rodda Paint; Kelly-Moore Enviro-Cote by Kelly-Moore Paint Co.; Miller Acro and Super, Miller Paint Co..
Interior Wood Doors, and Woodwork: Two (2) coats minimum, semi-gloss. Same manufactures as wallboard.
Interior Glue Laminated Construction: If MDF or particle board made with urea formaldehyde are used, all exposed edges must be sealed with Safecoat Safe Seal by AFM.
Wood trim: Clear sealer. Hard Seal by AFM; OS Hardwax Oil by Environmental Home Center; Original Wood Finish or Varnish Oil by Tried & True Wood Finishes, Polymerized Tung Oil by Sutherland Welles Low-Toxic Wood Finishes, Penofin by Performance Coatings.

EXTERIOR
Exterior Siding. Primer and Two (2) Finish Coats minimum: Best Duracryl Exterior Paint, Best Paint Co.; Safecoat Exterior Paint by AFM; Glidden No-VOC Lifemaster 2000 by IC Dulux Paints; Rodda Horizon Line by Rodda Paint Co.
Exterior Trim, Primer: Pre-primed. Two (2) Finish Coats minimum: satin finish. Best Duracryl Exterior Paint, Best Paint Co.; Safecoat Exterior Paint by AFM; Glidden No-VOC Lifemaster 2000 by IC Dulux Paints; Rodda Horizon Line by Rodda Paint Co.

DIVISION 11 – EQUIPMENT

11200 RAINWATER COLLECTION

Packaged systems for rainwater collection are typically more geared toward large commercial applications. For residential systems, components need to be specified individually and the system required needs to be defined and specified clearly. The good news is that all of the components are available and off-the-shelf.

Local supplier of packaged systems:

• Northwest Water Source, Friday Harbor, WA , (360) 378.8788 http://www.rainfallcatchment.com - packaged systems and components including pumps, filters, and storage containers.

Other suppliers of packaged systems:

• Rainharvester, http://www.rainharvester.com, turn-key rainwater harvesting systems, components, and an excellent guide online.
• Rainwater Collection Over Texas, Dripping Springs, TX, (800) 222.3614 – complete systems and components.

Use/Filters: Specify the intended use and specify filter requirements accordingly. Below are some typical uses and filter requirements:

• landscaping irrigation: sediment filter
• toilets: sediment filter and sand
• potable: sediment filter and carbon block and UV radiation; reverse osmosis optional.

Locally available sources of filters:

• Northwest Water Source, Friday Harbor, WA , (360) 378.8788 http://www.rainfallcatchment.com - packaged systems and components including pumps, filters, and storage containers.

If the water is to be used for more than irrigation it will need to be backed up by city water. It will also need to be permitted.

Roofing material: The following was copied directly from the website of Northwest Water Source, with permission:

If Rainwater is to be collected only for non-potable use such as irrigation, the roofing material is of minimal importance.  Zinc or Copper roofing will damage landscape plants.

If Rainwater is to be collected for household use including drinking purposes, then the roofing material is of critical importance. 

The following roofing materials are listed in best to worst order if used for drinking purposes.

STANDING SEAM, ENAMELED STEEL ROOFING - This is the best possible roofing material.

RAINCOAT 2000 or equal - NSF approved potable water acrylic roof coating for flat roofed structures.

PVC SHEET ROOFING - This is an excellent source of water.

GLAZED CERAMIC TILE/CEMENT CLAY-  This is a very good source of water but there may be a little clay residue from time to time.

ASPHALT/3-TAB COMPOSITION ROOFING - This is a fair source of water, accepted by some states, but new composition roofing may have been treated with Zinc to prevent moss growth and this is unacceptable.

ALUMINUM ROOFING - Unacceptable due to leaching from rainwater.

ZINC OR COPPER ROOFING - Unacceptable due to leaching from rainwater.

TORCHDOWN/TAR ROOF - Unacceptable unless coated with one of the potable roof coatings.

SHAKE/CEDAR SHINGLE ROOF -Unacceptable for anything but irrigation.

Diverters: A simple diverter can be used to direct rainwater from a typical downspout for collection into a container for irrigation. They can be homemade, or bought off the shelf.

• The Garden Watersaver, Richmond, BC. (604) 274.6630 http://www.gardenwatersaver.com. It can be ordered online and shipped. Cost is currently $19.95.

Prewash: A prewash mechanism is recommended. Prewash mechanisms generally let the first few gallons run off the roof, uncollected, to clean the roof and remove loose particles, such as dirt, leaves, twigs, etc. They may or may not also contain particulate filters. They reduce maintenance for the system and typically require minimal maintenance themselves. They can be home-built or purchased off-the-shelf.

• Filtering Roof Washer, Water Filtration Company, Marietta OH (800)733.6953 http://www.waterfiltrationcompany.com- a packaged prefilter; about $600.00
• Smart- Valve Rainwater Diverter, FloTrue International Corp. Austin, TX, (512) 775.8318, http://www.flotrue.com. Can be ordered online for $59.95 plus shipping.

Storage: There are many types of storage containers, depending on the size and location. They can be made of concrete, polyethylene, steel, fiberglass, wood, or other plastics. Concrete storage is typically used for below ground applications. Plastic and galvanized steel containers are typically used for above ground storage. Specify food-grade plastic. Many containers can be reused from other industries, especially the food industry (beer, soda, soysauce etc.) and the agricultural industry (livestock watering troughs). Since barrels used to ship food are not re-used for fear of contamination, they are usually locally available (and costly to ship). Soda companies typically sell used barrels for $5.00. New containers can usually be purchased from garden supply and nurseries, although they tend to be in the $80-100 range. To find plastic containers in your area, use a search engine and search for recycled plastic barrels, and your city/state. Containers can be used singly or in tandem. Specify containers that have either a secure lid or a tighthead (3” spigot on top), or 2 bungs (holes) on top. For potable water, specify containers that meet ANSI/NSF 61 standards for drinking water.

Small storage containers:

• Carton Service, Portland, OR (503) 227.6428 sells used food grade 55 gallon barrels, $20.00 for a tighthead and $25.00 for removable lid.
• D & P Industries, Inc. Portland, OR (503) 286.9866 http://www.composters.net sells a 57 gallon Urban Rain Barrel of food grade plastic with a removable lid for $89.50. They also sell linking, overflow and irrigation kits.
• GloryBee Foods in Eugene, OR, (800) 456.7923 http://www.glorybeefoods.com sells 55 gallon used food grade plastic barrels with 2 bungs for $14.95.
• McDowell Bag Company, Portland, OR (503) 234.6624 sells used food grade 55 gallon barrels, $15.00 w/ 2 spigots, $25.00 with removable lid.

Large storage containers:

• Holloway Welding & Piping, Allen, TX, (972)562.5035, vertical above ground storage tanks.
• Noresco, Inc. St. Bonifacius, MN (800) 328.3420, http://www.norwesco.com - 12 to 15,000 gallon polyethylene water storage tanks. Safe for potable water.
• Northwest Water Source, Friday Harbor, WA , (360) 378.8788 http://www.rainfallcatchment.com - packaged systems and components including pumps, filters, and storage containers.
• Premier Plastics LTD. Delta, BC, Canada, 1-800-661-4473, tanks@PremierPlastics.com - Polyethylene tanks and accessories.
• Rainharvester, http://www.rainharvester.com, turn-key rainwater harvesting systems, components, and an excellent guide online.
• Rainwater Collection Over Texas, Dripping Springs, TX, (800) 222.3614 – complete systems and components.
• Snyder Industries, Lincoln, NE (402) 465.1220, http://www.snydernet.com - above and below ground polyethylene storage tanks.

Pumps: Standard well, Jacuzzi, and sump pumps can be used to pump water from the tank, if necessary. Use gravity as much as possible in the design. A pump can supply points of use or a pressure tank. For an even supply, specify a pressure tank and pump combination. Northwest Water source sells a pump that does not require a pressure tank

• Northwest Water Source, Friday Harbor, WA , (360) 378.8788 http://www.rainfallcatchment.com - packaged systems and components including pumps, filters, and storage containers.

General Requirements: Bidder designed system. The system must meet the requirements of the local permitting authority.
System Requirements: Rainwater collection system. Collected water to be used for [Irrigation] [Toilet(s)] [potable- whole house]. Provide all components, fittings, valves, piping, etc. for a complete system.
Products:
1. Storage: [Concrete] [Galvanized Steel] [Food-Grade Plastic] storage tank[s] located as shown on drawings.
Tank Size: [Insert Size]
Prewash: [Insert product] [site built per drawings and details]
Filter: [Sediment] [Sand] [UV Radiation] [Carbon Block] [Reverse Osmosis]
Pump: Standard well or sump pump as required to meet pressure requirements.
Piping: [2”] [4”]
Submittals:
1. Product Data for each component.
2. Schematic layout of system.

DIVISION 11 – EQUIPMENT

11450 RESIDENTIAL EQUIPMENT

Energy Efficiency: Specify energy efficient appliances and equipment. Specify ENERGY STAR® rated equipment at a minimum.

Range Vents: Specify hood vents that exhaust to the exterior for ranges.

Rebates: Manufacturers often give rebates for energy efficient equipment. Inquire at your dealer for rebates. The state of Oregon gives tax credits. See the Oregon Residential Energy Tax Credit website at the Oregon Department of Energy: http://www.energy.state.or.us/res/tax/appliance.htm.

Refrigerators: Specify ENERGY STAR® rated models, which must exceed the 2001 federal standards by 10%. The most efficient models are 16-20 cubic feet. Specify top freezer refrigerators- they use 10-25% less energy than side by side. Specify refrigerators without the automatic ice-maker and dispensor- they increase energy use by 14-20%. Specify manual defrost models, if possible- they use half the energy of automatic defrost models. Note that frost buildup increases energy use and manual defrost models must be defrosted periodically to realize energy savings.

Manufacturers of better known ENERGY STAR® rated or better refrigerators:

• Amana Appliances
• Avanti Products
• Danby
• Diversified Refrigeration Inc
• Electrolux Home Products/Frigidaire
• GE Appliances
• Haier America
• KitchenAid
• LG Electronics, Inc.
• Maytag Appliances
• Sanyo E & E Corporation
• Sears /Kenmore
• Sub-Zero Freezer Company, Inc.
• Sun Frost
• U-Line Corporation
• Whirlpool Corporation

Clothes Washers and Dryers: Specify ENERGY STAR®, front loading washers and dryers. Specify a size that meets the need- models range from 1.6 to 3.8 cubic feet. Stackable, and undercounter models are also available. Specify a model that has several water level options so water level can be adjusted to the size of the load. Specify a model with a mini-basket for very small loads. Specify a model with a pre-soaking and suds-saver options. Specify a model with high spin speeds for better extraction. Specify a laundry line for hanging laundry.

Manufacturers of better known ENERGY STAR® rated or better clothes washers and dryers:

• Amana Appliances
• Appliances International
• Danby
• Electrolux Home Products/Frigidaire/Gibson/White-Westinghouse
• Equator Corporation
• Fisher & Paykel
• GE Appliances
• Haier America
• LG Electronics, Inc.
• Maytag
• Miele, Inc.
• Samsung Electronics Co.
• Sears/Kenmore
• Splendide
• Staber industries, Inc.
• Thor Appliance Company
• Whirlpool Corporation

Dishwashers: Specify ENERGY STAR® or better dishwashers. They must exceed the national standard of 1994 by at least 25%. Specify the right size. Standard capacity models hold more than 8 place settings and 6 serving pieces. Compact capacity models hold 8 place settings and 6 serving pieces or less. A compact model operated more frequently will use more energy than a standard model. Specify models with an energy-saving option. Specify models without a soil sensor- they heat the water more or add extra water for heavily soiled dishes.

Manufacturers of better known ENERGY STAR® or better dishwashers:

• AM Appliance Group- Eurotech and Asko
• Danby
• Electrolux Home Products/Frigidaire
• Equator Corporation
• Fisher & Paykel
• GE Appliances
• Haier America
• Maytag
• Miele, Inc.
• Sears/Kenmore
• Viking Range Corporation
• Whirlpool corporation

Range and Hood: Gas is more energy efficient but requires careful ventilation (which may use more energy) to maintain good indoor air quality. Specify a hood that vents to the exterior, with a fan of at least 100 cfm. If the duct for the fan is longer than a few feet or has turns, specify a bigger fan or a booster.

Energy Star Website: http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm

Below are partial sample specifications.

11450 RESIDENTIAL EQUIPMENT:

Products:
1. Refrigerator: ENERGY STAR® Rated, 18 cu.ft., Top-freezer, Manual defrost. NO auto icemaker or dispenser.
Approved Manufacturers: Amana, Frigidaire, GE, Kenmore/Sears. Kitchenaid, Maytag/Magic Chef, Sun Frost, Whirlpool.
2. Range: [30”] [insert size]; [Gas] [Electric]; [Freestanding] [Cooktop]; [Self-cleaning]; [4] [6] burner
Approved Manufacturer: Frigidaire, Whirlpool, GE, Hotpoint
3. Dishwasher: ENERGY STAR® Rated , 24”, Standard capacity, Energy-saving options, NO soil sensor.
Approved manufacturer: Asko, Frigidaire, maytag, Miele, Sears, Whirlpool
4. Range Hood: 30” Vented (to exterior) Hood with Light
Minimum 250 CFM
5. Clothes Washer/Dryer: ENERGY STAR® Rated, 2.5 - 3.5 cubic feet, several load size/water options, pre-soaking/sud-saver options, high spin speed.
Approved manufacturer: Whirlpool, GE, Maytag. Sears, GE
Submittals: manufacturer’s specifications, including annual energy/water consumption and EPA’s ENERGY STAR® rating for each piece of equipment.

DIVISION 12 – FURNISHINGS

12300 MANIFACTURED CASEWORK

See 06810 Glue Laminated Construction.

Stock Cabinets: Stock cabinets are typically made from particle board with urea formaldehyde binders. The formaldehyde off-gasses and the particleboard does not hold fasteners well. One cabinet company manufactures cabinets with wheatboard boxes, uses low/No VOC finishes, and also offers FSC certified wood for the doors and drawers as an option.

Semi-Custom Cabinets: Many stock cabinet companies allow some customization of stock cabinets, a good alternative for many budgets. Certified and/or formaldehyde free materials for the box, frame, and/or doors can be substituted for an additional fee. Specify formaldehyde-free MDF, wheatboard, or exterior grade plywood (has only small amounts of phenol formaldehyde) for the box. Exterior plywood is typically the most cost effective, only adding $250-300 to a typical kitchen. Another option is to seal all exposed surfaces with a sealer (see below) or plastic laminate.

Features or upgrades to improve durability include steel (not plastic) drawer slides and dovetail drawers.

Custom Cabinets: Specify face frames, doors, and other casework made of FSC certified sustainable harvested wood, salvaged wood, and/or agricultural waste/recycled wood made without urea-formaldehyde.

Wood Products made without urea-formaldehyde:

• Medex (exterior) and Medite II (interior) MDF, SierraPine LTD.
• Resincore-I Particleboard, Rodman Industries
• AdvanTech OSB, J.M. Huber Wood Products

Sealer for off-gassing:

• Safecoat Safe Seal, American Formulating Manufacturing (AFM)

Certified Wood products:

• FSC-Certified MDF, Temple-Inland Forest Products Corp.
• Certified Particleboard, Collins Products, LLC.
• Tuff-Strand Certified OSB, ROMEX World Trade Company, LLC
• Certified Pine Plywood, ROMEX World Trade Company, LLC

Certified wood suppliers in OR and WA:

• Cascadia Forest Goods, Eugene, OR (541) 485.4477
• Collins Companies, Portland, OR (503) 417.7755
• Crosscut hardwoods, Portland, OR (503) 224.9663
• Edensaw Woods, LTD., Seattle WA (877) 333.6729, and Port Townsend, WA (800) 745.3336.
• Endura Hardwoods, Portland, OR (503) 233.7090 and Bend (503) 383.5003
• Environmental Building Supply, Portland, OR (503) 222.3881
• Parr Lumber, many locations in OR
• Coming to Home Depot!

Reclaimed Wood Dealers in OR and WA:

• Columbia International Trading Co., Portland, OR (888) 326.3577
• Craftmark Reclaimed Wood, McMinnville, OR (503) 472.6929
• The ReBuilding Center, Portland, OR (503) 331.1877
• Environmental Home Center, Seattle, WA (800) 281.9785
• G.R. Plume Company, Ferndale, WA (360) 384.2800 http://www.grplume.com
• J Squared Timberworks, Seattle, WA (206) 781.3000
• Resource Woodworks, Tacoma WA (253) 474.3757
• R.W. Rhine Inc., Tacoma WA (800) 963. 8270
• Canon Structures, Inc., Trestlewood Division, Provo, UT (801) 375.2779 Portland location planned in the future.

Alternative (agricultural waste) and recycled wood products:

• WoodStalk, Dow BioProducts- straw, formaldehyde free
• Parkland Panels, Panel Source International- wheat straw, formaldehyde free
• Primeboard, Primeboard, Inc.- wheat straw, formaldehyde free
• MeadowBoard, Meadowood Industries- Ryegrass stems
• WheatBoard- Wheat straw, formaldehyde free; Available at Environmental Building Supplies.
• OSB- small diameter/low grade trees
• Particleboard and MDF, Weyerhaeuser- SCS certified 100% recycled/ recovered
• Resincore-I Particleboard, Rodman Industries- Some recycled content

Cabinet Manufacturers:

• Armstrong Allwood Cabinetry, Portland, OR- Plantation grown wood for doors and frames; will substitute exterior grade plywood.
• Baywood Cabinet, Inc. Kent, WA, (425) 252.9611/(206) 575.1240- Certified wood cabinets.
• Cascadia Custom Cabinets, Portland, OR (503)693.1624 http://www.cascadiacustomcabinets.com - Certified, salvaged, and recycled wood, aniline dyes and natural stains with No/Low VOC water based lacquers.
• Endura Wood Products, Portland OR (503) 233.7090 http://www.endurawood.com - Certified wood cabinets.
• Fuller Cabinets, Eugene OR, (541) 349.9887, http://www.fullcab.com- Certified wood cabinets.
• Kaster’s Kustom Cutting Inc., Mulino OR, (503) 829.4167- Certified wood cabinets.
• Lumbermens, Olympia, WA, (360) 350 3105.
• Neil Kelly, Portland, OR (503) 288.7461, http://www.neilkellycabinets.com -cabinets lines, all with wheatboard boxes and No/Low VOC finishes. Certified wood for drawers and doors is an option.
• Westmark Products, Inc. Tacoma, WA (800) 755.3470 http://www.westmarkproducts.com

Specify non-toxic, No/Low VOC finishes. See 09900 Paints and Coatings.

Below is a sample partial specification for a ‘semi-custom’ cabinet.

Scope of Work: Kitchen cabinets.
General Requirements:
1. Forest Certification: Provide cabinets produced from wood obtained from forests certified by an FSC-accredited certification body to comply with FSC 1.2.
Manufacturer: Canyon Creek Line, Parr Lumber
Products:
1. Face Style: Shaker Style, Reveal overlay.
2. Cabinet Style: Face frame.
3. Door and Drawer Fronts: Certified wood stiles and rails, with flat wood center panels.
4. Face Frame Finish: Exterior hardwood plywood.
5. Exposed Cabinet End Finish: Exterior hardwood.
6. Drawers: Exterior plywood sides, back and bottom; dovetail construction; heavy duty steel glides.
Finish: Exterior: No VOC Paint. See 09900 Paintings and Coatings. Interior: Plywood veneer. Sealed with clear sealer. See 09900 Paintings and Coatings.
Submittals: Product Data and Shop drawings.

Below is a sample partial specification for a custom cabinet.

Scope of Work: Kitchen cabinets.
General Requirements:
1. Forest Certification: Provide cabinets produced from wood obtained from forests certified by an FSC-accredited certification body to comply with FSC 1.2.
Materials:
1. Hardboard: AHA A135.4.
2. MDF: ANSI A208.2 Grade MD made with a binder containing no urea formaldehyde.
3. Particleboard: Straw-based particle board complying with requirements of ANSI A208.1, except for density.
4. Hardwood Plywood and Face Veneers: HPVA HP-1 made with adhesive containing no urea formaldehyde.
Products:
Wood Species for Exposed Surfaces: [insert species]. FSC Certified.
Finish: Clear sealer. See 09900 Paintings and Coatings.
Submittals: FSC Certification and Shop drawings.

DIVISION 15– MECHANICAL

15100 PLUMBING

Supply and Distribution:

Polyethelene: Specify HDPE (high density polyethylene), PEX (cross linked polyethylene) products, (such as Wirsbo), or PEX-AL-PEX (cross linked polyethylene-aluminum-cross linked polyethylene) products, (such as Kitec) for supply (water service and water distribution) plumbing.

Copper has a high recycled content and is recyclable, but corrodes, especially in certain conditions. The corrosion of all metal contaminates waste water and is particularly harmful to aquatic life. If copper is specified, specify lead-free solders. Do not specify copper if the water has a PH of 6.5 or less. Most public utilities supply water at a PH between 7.2 and 8.0, but private well water may be below 6.5. Do not specify metal pipes near water bodies.

Steel: Stainless steel corrodes less than copper. Galvanized steel corrodes faster than both.

Waste and vent: Specify HDPE, cast iron or vitrified clay pipe for sanitary drain waste and vent piping.

Stormwater: Specify HDPE for irrigation.

HDPE: comes in various sizes and is readily available. High recycled content polyethylene, up to 100% is also possible. HDPE has a high expansion/contraction rate during high temperature fluctuations.

PVC and ABS: PVC and CPVC, and ABS piping are not recommended due to the environmental impacts of production and disposal. Substances known or suspected of causing cancer and disrupting immune and reproductive systems are produced/released during the manufacture and disposal. ABS is generally considered less harmful than PVC by some.

Traps: Specify J-drains (traps) with removable panels for easy cleaning at sinks and lavatories without the use of polluting chemicals.

Fixtures: Specify durable fixtures. Specify low-flow fixtures and faucets.
Specify composting toilets.

The following toilets had good flush performance ratings in a 2003 test study by the NAHB Research Center http://www.toolbase.org/secondaryT.asp?TrackID=&CategoryID=1002

American Standard Gravity Compact 2-piece Elong
American Standard Gravity Plebe 2-piece Elong
American Standard Gravity Cadet 2-piece RF/ADA
American Standard Gravity Cadet 2-piece RF
American Standard Gravity Dual Flush - DUAL FLUSH 2-pc/2-flush RF
Briggs (Proflo) Gravity Abingdon III 2-piece RF
Briggs (Proflo) Gravity Altima III 2-piece RF
Briggs (Proflo) Vacuum Vacuity 2-piece Elong
Corona Gravity Orchid 2-piece RF
Caroma Gravity Caravelle - DUAL FLUSH 2 pc/2-flush RF
Crane/Universal Rundle Gravity Atlas bowl 2-piece RF
Crane Pressure Economiser 2 -piece RF
Crane Vacuum VIP Flush 2-piece RF
Gerber Pressure Ultra 2-piece RF
Glacier Bay (HD brand)
RAK Thailand Gravity Westminster 2 piece RF
Kohler Gravity Devonshire 2-piece Elong
Kohler Gravity Santa Rosa 1-piece RF
Kohler Gravity Wellworth 2-piece RF
Kohler Gravity Wellworth 2-piece Elong
Kohler Gravity Memoirs 2-piece Elong
Kohler Gravity Serif 4608 tank 2-piece RF
Mansfield Gravity Alto 2-piece RF
Mansfield Pressure Quantum 2-piece Elong
Microphor Air-assist Microflush LF1-piece RF
Niagara Gravity Flapperless 2-piece RF
Niagara Gravity Turbo N2220 2-piece RF
Sanitarios Azteca (Lamosa) Gravity Sahara 2-piece RF
St. Thomas Gravity Marathon 2-piece RF
St. Thomas Pressure Mariner II 2-piece Elong
Toto Gravity Drake 2-piece Elong
Toto Gravity CST703 2-piece RF
Toto Gravity Ultramax 1-piece Elong
Toto Gravity Ultimate 1-piece Elong
Toto Gravity Ultimate 1-piece RF
Western Pottery Gravity Aris 2-piece RF

Other toilets that have consistently rated well in performance surveys:

American Standard Champion Flapperless
Eljer Berkeley
Western Clinton

Specify vacuum toilet systems (used on boats, planes and trains to conserve water). They reduce water consumption, reduce piping, and can eliminate the need for vent pipes.

Below is a partial sample specification:

Materials:
Supply Plumbing: HDPE, PEX (Wirsbo) composite tubing, or PEX-AL-PEX (Kitec) composite tubing. SDR 9Pex tube and brass insert-type fittings with corrosion-resistant metal bands. No PVC.
Drain Plumbing: HDPE, Cast iron or vitrified clay pipe. No PVC.
Fixtures:
Toilets: 1.6 gallons.
Sink and Shower faucets and aerators: 2.5 gallons/minute when measured at a flowing water pressure of 80 lbs/in2.

DIVISION 15– MECHANICAL

15500 HEAT GENERATION EQUIPMENT

Reduce the heating and cooling loads using passive solar design, energy efficient windows, and a well-insulated envelope. Mechanical systems should be as energy efficient as possible.

All Systems: Specify a digital, programmable thermostat(s) and divide heating into zones. Specify controls and hardware to meet ADA requirements as applicable.

Radiant Heat Systems: Specify a whole house fan, or use a centrally located source fan as the whole house fan. See fan specifications in Division 16- ELECTRICAL. Specify fresh air inlets. See specifications below. Specify insulation at the floor. See tips below for specific systems. Consider specifying a lockable cabinet for the manifold and/or hydro panels.

Structural/Radiant Panel Floor Sheathing/Heating System: Specify insulation under the panels, either rigid, batts, or blown-in. Check your local code for requirements. See specification notes below.

In-Slab Radiant Heat: Specify rigid insulation at the slab. Check your local code for requirements, which will require either perimeter insulation (24-36”) or the full slab. Consider combining radiant slab heat with the hydro-air system below. The fan coil units work very well on floors above grade, where pouring a slab can add weight and cost, and they have the additional benefit of allowing independent and quicker response at each space. Since the Willamette Valley has a temperate climate, in-slab radiant heat may be overkill in well insulated and sealed homes.

Forced Air Systems: Forced air systems should always be filtered. Specify HEPA type filters if the occupants have asthma, allergies or other respiratory problems. Otherwise, electrostatic filters work well. When considering different types of filters, pay attention to the maintenance required and make sure it is realistic for the occupant(s). Include a filtered fresh air inlet with a manual damper that can be mixed in with the return air.

Hydro-Air System: Notes: Heat loss calculations should be used to verify the size and location of units, and to size and specify the water heaters. They can be provided by BIO-RADIANT ENERGY INC. for a small fee. Water heaters should be high efficiency or tankless on-demand. At small bathrooms, an extra loop may be run under the floor and backed up with a heat lamp.

References:
Radiant Panel Association, http://www.radiantpanelassociation.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=1.
HeatingHelp.com, http://www.heatinghelp.com.

Below is a sample specification for a bidder-designed Hydro Air System:

Heating System: Hydro air system. Hydro panels to be located in [water heater closet], [laundry room], [mechanical room],[other]. Note: Consider specifying a lockable cabinet for the hydro panel in multifamily projects.
Bidder Designed: For heater locations see sheet [XXX]. Size and locations to be verified with heat loss calculations. Provide [one whole house thermostat] [2 zones (up and down) and two house thermostats] [etc.] at each unit. Provide individual thermostats for each space per plans. Provide digital programmable thermostats. Coordinate with manufacturer and local code for selection of thermostats. Provide circulation pump and timer by TACO. Provide antiscald mixing valve, check valve, hose end valve, and service valve by HAMMOND VALVE. Provide hydronic piping by KITEC or WIRSBO. Provide wall mounted (HYDRO-AIR®) or undercounter mounted (TOESTER®) hydronic fan coil units and manifold by TURBONICS INC. (800)598.1019, http://www.turbonics.com and BIO-RADIANT ENERGY, INC. (425) 487.6272, http://www.bio-radiant.com. Verify with manufacturer that locations and sizes shown are adequate. Notify [Architect] in case of any discrepancies and provide proper submittals for approval.
Installation: Install per manufacturer’s instructions in locations indicated on Sheet [XXX]. Provide sleeves where piping penetrates walls. General Contractor to take care to avoid damage to hydronic tubing during construction operations occurring after the installation of tubing. Tubing should not be exposed to direct sunlight for more than 30 days. Pressure test system for leaks prior to closing in.

Below is a sample specification for a WARMBOARD® structural/radiant panel floor sheathing/heating system.

Notes: WARMBOARD® will provide panel layout and tubing circuits. Mechanical contractor specifies the rest of the hydronic components for a complete system. Specify high efficiency or tankless on-demand water heaters. Specify R-10 to R-19 insulation under the panels, either rigid, batts or blown-in. The insulation should be ten times the R value of the floor covering For example: 3/4” T & G hardwood or bamboo has an R-value of 1 per inch. R-.75 x 10 = R 7.5. Carpet has an R value of 3. R-3 x 10 = R-30. R-19 is sufficient as a maximum.

Heating System: Radiant panel floor sheathing/heating system by WARMBOARD® (877) 338.5493/(503) 353.1608 http://www.warmboard.com/. Manifold(s) to be located in [water heater closet], [laundry room], [mechanical room]. [per plans]. Note: Consider specifying a lockable cabinet for the manifold in multifamily projects.
Bidder Designed: Provide all labor, material, equipment, and services to install a hydronic radiant heat system. Provide a structural/radiant panel floor sheathing/heating system.
Materials: Provide 4’ x 8’ Comply 1 3/32” tongue-and groove plywood-like panels with aluminum sheeting and integral 1/2” PEX tubing ASTM F-876, as manufactured by WARMBOARD®. Provide other system components, including circulation pump, timers, mixing valves, check valves, hose end valves, etc. for a complete hydronic system. Provide digital programmable thermostats. Coordinate with manufacturer and local code for selection of thermostats (see plans for locations). Notify Architect in case of any discrepancies and provide proper submittals for approval.
Installation: Install per manufacturer’s instructions and shop drawings of panel layout and tubing circuits (provided by manufacturer).
Panel Installation: The installation process is the same as that for plywood subfloors. Install with long dimensions across supports, continuous over two or more spans and as otherwise indicated on the panel layout plan. The tubing channels shall be aligned using the 5/8” alignment pins supplied by WARMBOARD® to ensure ease of tubing installation. See manufacturer’s instructions and structural drawings and specifications for more information.
Tubing Installation: Channels shall be clean and free of standing water prior to tubing installation. A 3/16” bead of suitable elastomer per the manufacturer’s recommendation shall be applied to the channel. PEX tubing shall be pressed into the channels immediately after applying elastomer. Tubing to be installed flush with the top surface of the panels. General Contractor to take care to avoid damage to hydronic tubing during construction operations occurring after the installation of tubing. Tubing should not be exposed to direct sunlight for more than 30 days. Pressure test system for leaks prior to closing in.

REFERENCES

1. Anink, David, Chiel Boonstra, John Mak, Handbook of Sustainable Building, An Environmental Preference Method for Selection of Materials for Use in Construction and Refurbishment, English Translation, James & James, London, 1996.
2. Berge, Bjørn, The Ecology of Building Materials, English Translation, Architectural Press, Oxford, 2000.
3. Bower, John, The Healthy House, Carol Publishing Group, New York, 1993.
4. Building Green Inc., GreenSpec® and Guideline Specifications, originally published as the Environmental Building News Product Catalogue in 1998, Building Green Inc., Brattleboro VT, 1998.
5. Center For Resourceful Building Technology, Guide To Resource Efficient Building Elements, Center For Resourceful Building Technology, Missoula MT, 1997.
6. Chappell, Steve, Editor, The Alternative Building Sourcebook for Traditional, Natural and Sustainable Building Products and Services, Fox Maple Press, Inc., Brownfield, Maine, 1998.
7. Hermannsson, John, Green Building Resource Guide, The Taunton Press, Newtown, CT 1997.
8. Marinelli, Janet and Bierman-Lytle, Paul, Your Natural Home, The Complete Sourcebook and Design manual for Creating a Healthy, Beautiful, and Environmentally Sensitive House, Little, Brown and Company, New York, 1995.
9. Metro, Metro Construction Industry Recycling Toolkit, Recycling and Salvage Planning Guide, Metro, 2002.
10. Natural Resources Defense Council, Efficient Wood Use in Residential Construction, A Practical Guide to Saving Wood, Money, and Forests, Natural Resources Defense Council, New York, 1998.
11. Pearson, David, The Natural House Catalogue, Everything You Need to Create an Environmentally Friendly Home, Gaia Books Limited, London, 1996.
12. ReDirect Guide, 2003 Edition
13. Rousseau, David and Wasley, James, Healthy By Design, Building and Remodeling Solutions for Creating Healthy Homes, Hartley & Marks Publishers Inc., WA., 1997.
14. Strain, Larry, AIA, reSourceful Specifications, Guideline Specifications for Environmentally Considered Building Materials and Construction Methods, Siegal & Strain Architects, Emeryville, CA 1998. This document is now available from BuildingGreen, Inc. with the GreenSpec Directory.
15. Spiegel, Ross, Dru Meadows, Green Building Materials, A Guide To Product Selection and Specification, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, 1999.
16. Thorton, Joe, Environmental Impacts of Polyvinyl Chloride Building Materials, A Healthy Building Network Report, Healthy Building Network, Washington, DC, 2002.
17. Triangle J Council of Governments, WasteSpec, Model Specifications for Construction Waste Reduction, Reuse, and Recycling, Triangle J Council of Governments, Research Triangle Park, NC, 1995.